Water and wastewater treatment is a delicate dance of chemistry, biology, and engineering. Among the many challenges faced by operators...

In this series of Sterling Insights we will cover some of the most challenging questions that could appear on your Operator Certification...

The concept of pH, an essential parameter in chemistry used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of solutions, was introduced by Danish...

Operating a small industrial account, such as a campsite, remote resort, rest stop, or island, requires a small-scale water treatment...

“Whoso once inhales the stink, can never forget it, and may count himself lucky if he live to remember it.” Prior to the 19th century,...

The story of how UV disinfection was accidentally discovered by C.F. Gordon is a fascinating one that illustrates the power of...

"Do not disregard the benefit of alum in clearing water. Its action is to settle what is unsettled and to purify what is impure. He who...

The oldest documented use of purple dye for royalty dates back to ancient Phoenicia, where the dye was extracted from sea snails. The...

1854 London, a cholera outbreak in London was claiming thousands of lives. At the time, there was no known cause for cholera, but there...

Corrosion is a natural process that occurs when metal is exposed to oxygen and moisture. Over time, this exposure can lead to rust, which...

The term "plumbing" comes from the Latin word "plumbum," which means "lead." In ancient times, lead was the most commonly used material...